{"id":16335,"date":"2026-05-05T10:19:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/?p=16335"},"modified":"2026-06-05T10:28:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T07:28:28","slug":"esimene-laanemaailma-smr-ehitus-on-kanadas-taies-hoos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/esimene-laanemaailma-smr-ehitus-on-kanadas-taies-hoos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 SMR \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fermi Energia juhatuse esimees Kallemets k\u00fclastas 30. aprillil Torontost ligikaudu 40 kilomeetri kaugusel asuvat Darlingtoni tuumajaama ning kohtus Ontario Power Generationi (OPG) ja ehitusettev\u00f5tte Aeconi esindajatega. Kalev kirjutab, kuidas l\u00e4\u00e4nemaailma esimene BWRX-300 v\u00e4ikereaktori projekt liigub loamenetlusest ja planeerimisest reaalse ehituseni.<\/p>\n

Darlingtonist algab v\u00e4ikereaktorite ajastu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ontario otsustas v\u00e4ikeste moodulreaktorite (SMR) programmiga alustada 2019. aastal, toetudes Darlingtoni CANDU reaktorite kaasajastamise kogemusele. Nelja reaktori uuendusprogramm (koguv\u00f5imsus 3500 MW, aastatel 2016-2026) andis 8780 dokumenteeritud \u00f5ppetundi, mida rakendatakse n\u00fc\u00fcd ka SMR-ehitusel.<\/p>\n

Tehnoloogiavaliku tegi OPG 2022. aastal, kolme kandidaadi seast valiti GE Hitachi BWRX-300, kuna selle tehnilisi riske hinnati madalaimaks. Tegemist on 300 MW keevaveereaktoriga, mille opereerimiskogemus, loamenetlus ja k\u00fctusets\u00fckkel on h\u00e4sti tuntud.<\/p>\n

Ehitusloa taotlus esitati 2023. aastal, samal ajal algas ka platsi ettevalmistus. Kanada Tuumaohutuse Komisjon andis ehitusloa 2025. aasta aprillis, mille j\u00e4rel langetas OPG l\u00f5pliku investeerimisotsuse.<\/p>\n

Modulaarne ehitus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oluline osa BWRX-300 komponentidest tuleb Euroopast. Reaktori surveanuma terase tootis Itaalia Forgiatura Morandini, turbiini Prantsuse Arabelle Solutions, generaatori GE Vernova Poola tehas ja polaarkaraana Soome Kone.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

BWRX-300 <\/em>modulaarne konstruktsioon. Illustratsiooni<\/em> autor: <\/em>GE-Hitachi<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00f5ige uuenduslikum on reaktorihoone ehitus, mida juhib Aecon. Hoone koosneb terasmoodulitest, mis keevitatakse korruste kaupa peamiselt robotiseeritult kokku, ning vahvlite vahele valatakse betoon, nii v\u00e4lditakse t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5umahukat armaturterase paigaldust. Just reaktorihoone ehituse keerukus on olnud peamine eelarve \u00fcletamise p\u00f5hjus Olkiluoto, Vogtle ja Hinkley Pointi projektides. 21. aprillil paigaldati reaktori \u0161ahti 900-tonnine p\u00f5hjaplaadi moodul.<\/p>\n

Olulised \u00f5ppetunnid<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peamiste v\u00e4ljakutsetena on tuvastatud v\u00e4lja\u00f5petatud t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u nappus ning logistilised k\u00fcsimused, sealhulgas personali parkimine.<\/p>\n

Darlingtoni uuendusprogrammi kogemusele tuginedes rakendatakse tavap\u00e4rase EPC-lepingu asemel Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) mudelit. See \u00fchendab ehitaja, arhitektinseneri, omaniku ja tehnoloogiaautori meeskonnad \u00fche juhtimise alla organisatsiooniks SMR-X Team. Selle nimega s\u00e4rke kannab kogu projekti meeskond, kes t\u00f6\u00f6tavad \u00fche katuse all, teevad otsuseid \u00fchiselt ning jagavad nii riske kui kasumit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

21. aprillil paigaldati BWRX-300 reaktori \u0161ahti 900-tonnine p\u00f5hjaplaadi moodul. Foto autor: Ontario Power Generation<\/em><\/p>\n

BWRX-300 on saamas globaalseks standardiks<\/strong><\/p>\n

BWRX-300 ei ole enam ainult Kanada projekt. See on kujunemas esimeseks t\u00f5eliselt rahvusvaheliseks v\u00e4ikereaktori standardiks.<\/p>\n

BWRX-300 reaktori on valinud Poola (ligi 20 reaktorit), Eesti Fermi Energia (2 reaktorit) ja USA energiaettev\u00f5te TVA. Rootsi Vattenfall otsustab, kas ta valib sama reaktoritehnoloogiat, l\u00e4hikuudel. Jaapani peaminister teatas valmisolekust rahastada kuni 40 miljardit dollarit BWRX-300 ehitusteks Ameerikas, oma tarneahela kaasamisega.<\/p>\n

See rahvusvaheline kogemuste v\u00f5rgustik tuleb kasuks ka Eestile. Fermi Energia sai Darlingtonis kinnituse, et OPG on valmis pakkuma opereerimisvalmiduse arenduse teenust Eesti projekti jaoks.<\/p>\n

SMR-i ehitushind ja elektri tootmiskulu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Darlingtoni v\u00e4ikereaktori maksumust m\u00f5istetakse sageli valesti. Enim tsiteeritud arv 20,9 miljardit Kanada dollarit ei ole 2025. aasta overnight capital cost (OCC). See on nominaalne projekti eelarve, mis sisaldab nii hinnat\u00f5usu kui ka ehitusaegseid intresse. Seda vahet on oluline teha, eriti kui seda numbrit\u00a0 kasutatakse energias\u00fcsteemi mudelites v\u00f5i v\u00f5rreldakse kirjanduses toodud OCC hinnangutega.<\/p>\n

OPG avalike andmete p\u00f5hjal, korrigeerides 2025. aasta hindadesse ja eemaldades ehitusaegsed intressid, kujuneb nelja reaktori hinnanguliseks OCC-ks ligikaudu 16,28 miljardit Kanada dollarit (10,36 miljardit eurot) ehk 12 922 CAD\/kW (8223 \u20ac\/kW), arvestades \u00fchikv\u00f5imsuseks 315 MW.<\/p>\n

V\u00f5rdluseks: Euroopa Komisjon andis 2025. aasta detsembris positiivse riigiabi otsuse Poola esimese tuumajaama kohta (kolm AP1000 reaktorit), mille OCC on 13 400 \u20ac\/kW ning 40-aastane hinnagarantii (CfD) 110 \u20ac\/MWh. Sama loogika j\u00e4rgi viitaks BWRX-300 OCC (8223 \u20ac\/kW) ligikaudu 67 \u20ac\/MWh tootmiskulule, eeldusel et muud tegurid on v\u00f5rdsed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fermi Energia juhatuse esimees Kallemets k\u00fclastas 30. aprillil Torontost ligikaudu 40 kilomeetri kaugusel asuvat Darlingtoni tuumajaama ning kohtus Ontario Power Generationi (OPG) ja ehitusettev\u00f5tte Aeconi esindajatega. Kalev kirjutab, kuidas l\u00e4\u00e4nemaailma esimene BWRX-300 v\u00e4ikereaktori projekt liigub […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":16336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-et"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16339,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16335\/revisions\/16339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fermi.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}